数据处理|遍历文件夹 对同类型大量文件进行处理
遍历文件夹 对同类型大量文件进行处理作者：第八星系-小拾壹
对于各位萌新们说，处理原始气象数据是一项庞大又复杂的大工程，但是对于同一类型数据，我们可以借助更为便利的方法来使我们的效率大大提高。
本篇文章我将借助os库和pandas库来教会大家如何实现对文件夹下同一类型文件进行遍历读取，并对其中的数据进行处理。
首先简单介绍一下pandas和os库，pandas 是基于Numpy，为解决数据分析任务而创建的。pandas提供了大量能使我们快速便捷地处理数据的函数和方法。具有数据分析，数据挖掘，数据清洗功能,是最常见的数据处理第三方库。
os模块是python和操作系统进行交互的一个接口，它提供了许多操作文件及文件夹的函数。它既可以对操作系统进行操作，也可以执行简单的文件夹及文件操作。这里我们主要用到的就是os库里的os.listdir()函数方法返回一个文件名列表，从而对文件进行读取。
以一个存有大量气温数的文件夹为例：
先导入我们需要的库
import pandas as pd
import os
接着，创建一个空的DataFrame，用于存储提取的数据
result_df = pd.DataFrame(columns=['Year', 'Month', 'Day', 'MaxTemp_2days_ago', 'MaxTemp_yesterday', 'AvgTemp'])
我们定义一个函数用于处理单个TXT文件，这里我们需要从TXT文件中提取出站点号为56294的当日最高气温和平均气温，并且获得前一天的最高气温和前两天的最高气温：
def process_TXT_file(file_path):
# 读取TXT文件
df = pd.read_csv(file_path, delim_whitespace=True, header=None)
# 提取区站号为56294的行
station_56294 = df == 56294]
if not station_56294.empty:
# 提取所需的列
station_56294 = station_56294[]
# 重命名列
station_56294.columns = ['Year', 'Month', 'Day', 'AvgTemp', 'MaxTemp']
# 计算前两天和前一天的最高气温
station_56294['MaxTemp_2days_ago'] = station_56294['MaxTemp'].shift(2)
station_56294['MaxTemp_yesterday'] = station_56294['MaxTemp'].shift(1)
# 将处理后的数据添加到结果DataFrame中
global result_df
result_df = pd.concat(, ignore_index=True)
函数定义完成后，我们运用os库里的os.listdir()函数循环遍历TEM文件夹中的所有TXT文件：
tem_folder_path = 'D:\TEM'# 你的TEM文件夹路径
for file_name in os.listdir(tem_folder_path):
if file_name.endswith('.TXT'):
file_path = os.path.join(tem_folder_path, file_name)
process_TXT_file(file_path)
这样我们就成功对TEM文件夹下的所有TXT文件处理了一遍，并获取了我们想要的值。最后，将结果保存到Excel文件：
result_df.to_excel('result.xlsx', index=False)
最后成果如下图：
微信搜索“第八星系人造大气理论爱好者”公众号，关注获取文章数据
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